Fish oil, derived from the flesh of oily fish, is packed with omega-3 fatty acids—especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).These two polyunsaturated fatty acids are classified as essential fatty acids, meaning the human body cannot produce them on its own and must obtain them through dietary intake.
Omega-3 fatty acids play a critical role in various aspects of body function, including lipid metabolism, inflammation regulation, nervous system support, and immune system modulation. As scientific evidence continues to accumulate, the health benefits of omega-3s are becoming more widely accepted, making omega 3 fish oil supplements one of the most popular dietary supplements globally.
There are three main types of omega-3s:
While many opt to eat fish to meet their recommended dietary intake, fish oil supplements are especially useful for those who have limited access to oily fish or prefer not to consume other fish frequently. Algae oil is another plant-based source, commonly used in vegan supplements.
Taking fish oil supplements regularly has been linked to a reduced risk of various chronic diseases, thanks to the powerful action of omega 3 fatty acids on key physiological functions.
A major focus of fish oil supplementation is its effect on heart health. Research shows that EPA and DHA may reduce triglyceride levels, lower LDL cholesterol, support healthy blood pressure, and improve cardiovascular outcomes such as reduced likelihood of a heart attack or coronary heart disease. The dietary supplementation of omega 3s is now recommended as part of dietary guidelines for maintaining cardiovascular health.
DHA, in particular, is a key structural component of the brain. Taking fish oil has been shown to slow age-related cognitive decline, support mental clarity, and may help manage attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Omega-3s also play a role in mood regulation, and supplementation may benefit those experiencing anxiety, depression, and other mental health challenges.
Omega-3s are natural anti-inflammatories, making them effective in managing chronic inflammatory diseases. Clinical trials have shown benefits for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and psoriasis. These essential nutrients modulate immune responses and reduce cytokine production.
Supplementation has also been linked to a reduction in liver fat, particularly in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There is also growing evidence suggesting benefits for kidney function and maintaining electrolyte balance, although more studies are needed.
Fish oil supplements high in DHA are important for eye health, especially as we age. DHA supports retinal structure and function, which is vital for vision. People with dry eyes or age-related macular degeneration may benefit from increased omega-3 dietary intake.